Penile cancer is cancer that occurs in the penis, specifically on the foreskin, head (glans) or skin of the penile shaft. It is a different type of cancer to testicular cancer, which occurs in the testicles.
The most common form of penile cancer, affecting around 95% of people, is called squamous cell carcinoma and usually develops under the foreskin. Other forms of penile cancer can include:
Penile cancer is considered rare – around 103 cases are diagnosed each year in Australia. It is more likely to occur in people aged over 50 and people who are uncircumcised, as it commonly affects the foreskin.
While researchers still aren’t sure what causes penile cancer, there are some factors that are known to increase your risk. The known risk factors include:
Remember that most people with these symptoms do not develop penile cancer. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, speak to your healthcare professional.
While researchers still aren’t sure what causes penile cancer, there are some factors that are known to increase your risk:
Remember that most people with these symptoms do not develop penile cancer. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, speak to your health care professional.
There are many different symptoms of penile cancer. The common symptoms may include:
Penile cancer is diagnosed through a range of tests. If you have noticed any of the listed symptoms, your health care professional will refer you to a specialist, who will conduct the tests. These might include:
When your health care professional has the results of your tests, they can determine whether you have signs of penile cancer and develop a suitable treatment plan.
In Australia, screening is not recommended for penile cancer. However, if you have a known family history or genetic mutation, talk to your health care professional about yearly screening.
Like other forms of cancer, penile cancer treatment is based on the severity and stage of your disease, the location of the cancer and whether it has spread to nearby organs. Treatment options include:
Surgery to remove the cancer is the most common treatment for penile cancer. Reconstructive surgery later can help correct any changes to the penis.
Alternatively, you may need radiation therapy to destroy the cancer cells. Radiation is sometimes also used after surgery to treat residual cancer cells.
Some penile cancers that haven’t spread or are in the early stages may not need surgery. Other non-surgical treatment options for penile cancer include:
If you have received a penile cancer diagnosis, your medical team will give you a personalised treatment plan. It’s important to take the time to learn about your condition, treatments and future plan.
Connecting with other men who have penile cancer can help you to feel supported and not alone. Having a strong support network is very beneficial for your emotional wellbeing, cancer management and treatment outcomes.
Your St Vincent’s cancer and men’s health teams will support you every step of the way.
Due to the low occurrences of penile cancer, studies are limited. Speak with your healthcare professional team at St Vincent’s if you want to know more about research or would like to participate in clinical trials for penile cancer.
