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Male Breast Cancer

Home / Men's Health Conditions / Male Breast Cancer

What is male breast cancer?

Male breast cancer is, simply, breast cancer in men. has a lower survival rate and a higher mortality rate than female breast cancer.

Breast cancer in men is often diagnosed at a more advanced age and stage than in women. This may be related to psychosocial stigma or the low level of community awareness of the disease.

Having what most people see as ‘a woman’s disease’ significantly affects the male breast patient’s cancer experience. It can be difficult for these patients to connect with others, leaving them feeling isolated and alone.

How common is breast cancer in men?

Male breast cancer is rare: less than 1% of breast cancers diagnosed each year in Australia occur in men. It Approximately 1% of cancers that occur in men in Australia will be breast cancer.

What causes male breast cancer?

  • Aging, with the majority of men diagnosed each year after the age of 50.
  • Family history of breast cancer.
  • Inherited gene mutations, BRCA 2 and to a lesser extent BRCA1.
  • Obesity.
  • Klinefelter syndrome, a rare genetic condition characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome (XXY genotype).
  • Radiation exposure, such as previous radiotherapy to the chest area.
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Liver disease such as cirrhosis
  • High levels of oestrogen

What are the symptoms of male breast cancer?

MBC symptoms are similar to those experienced by women with a breast cancer diagnosis;

  • a lump in the breast
  • change in skin colour, texture, and/or appearance of the breast region
  • change in shape
  • discharge from the nipple
  • swollen lymph glands under the arm
  • pain and/or swelling in the breast region

How is male breast cancer diagnosed?

 Once you see you GP with one or more of the symptoms listed above, they are likely to organise some simple investigations.  These may include:

  • Ultrasound of the breast, chest and arm pit
  • Mammogram (X-ray of the breast)
  • A needle biopsy

Other investigations may need to be performed. These are ordered on a case-by-case basis. They include:

  • A whole body PET scan
  • An MRI scan of the breasts & chest
  • Blood tests
  • CT scan
  • A whole body scan of your bones.

In addition to these investigations, most men diagnosed with breast cancer will be referred to a genetic counsellor for investigation of their genes.

How is male breast cancer treated?

Treatment of male breast cancer depends on many factors, including where the cancer started, where it might have travelled and what it looks like under the microscope. There are multiple different ways to treat these cancers, and these will be discussed with you. Some of the possible treatments include:

  • Surgery (either to remove the lump or the entire breast). Surgery may also include removing some of the lymph nodes in your arm pit.
  • Radiotherapy
  • Medicine: medicines used for male breast cancer may include hormone therapies, chemotherapies, targeted therapies and sometimes immune therapy.

In addition, you may be offered participation in a clinical trial.

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